Liquid-hydrocarbon burner.



No. 767,079. PATENTED AUG. 9, 1904.

J. MoL. MOMURTRIEL LIQUID HYDROOARBON BURNER. APPLICATION FILED OUT. 13,1903- NO MODEL. I 2 SHEETS-8HEET 1.

JM away/aw PATENTED AUG. 9, 1.904.

. J; MOL. MOMURTBIIE. LIQUID HYDROGARBON BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED OUT-13, 1903.

2 SHBETS-SHBET 2.

N0 MODEL.

Patented August 9, 1904.

PATENT @EETCE.

JOHN MCLEOVVNAN lVIolVIUR'IRIE, OF (:l-LASGOYV, SCOTLAND.

LIQUID-HYDROOARBON BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 767,0? 9, dated August9, 1904. Application filed October 13, 1903. Serial No. 176,847. (Nomodel.)

To (.tZZ whom, it TIMI/ll] con/01 7717:

Be it known that 1, JOHN lVIoLnowNAN M o- MURTRIE, engineer, a subjectof the King of Great Britain, and a resident of 21 Princes street,Pollokshields, Glasgow, Scotland, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in. Liquid-Hydrocarbon Burners, (for which I have filed anapplication in Great Britain, No. 28,618, dated Deeember27, 1902,) ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to liq uid-hydrocarbon burners for lighting andheating pu rposes; and it has for its object to construct such burnerson a novel principle and so that perfect or practically perfectcombustion will take place,

thereby giving the maximum lighting and heating properties with theminimum supply of oil.

In order to clearly understand the invention, it is necessary to bear inmind the well-known fact that in the case of the ordinary gas or otherflame there is what may be termed an outer envelop or region whereinactual combustion takes place, while the part of the flame Within thisregion is simply filled with gas, which rushes outward until it reachesthe region of combustion, where it comes in contact with the oxygen ofthe air and bursts into flame, thereby producing the light.

Now many attempts have heretofore been made to produce oil-burners onwhat has been termed the spraying principlethat is,

burners in which the oil is sprayed or atomized by means of a jet ofsteam or air under pressure. In burners of this type the difliculty ofimperfect combustion is encountered. This imperfect combustion is, Ihave found by repeated experiments, largely due to the fact that the oilatoms or particles are too large and the air-supply for the flame is notintroduced in the proper manner and in the proper proportion.

I have found by many experiments that in order to obtain completecombustion it is necessary to introduce a certain amount of air to theinterior of the flame-that is, to the region of non-combustionso thatthe particles of air and gas or oil-vapor may be intimately mixed beforereaching the region of combustion, with the result that when they doreach that region they will at once burst into flame without thenecessity of absorbing a relatively large quantity of cold air from theoutside of the flame. \Vith the present burners cold outer air forproducing combustion is drawn into the flame, with the result that theterm perature of the flame is much reduced and the combustionconsequently retarded and rendered. imperfect. The effectiveness ofintimately mixing the air and gas before reaching the flame is readilyseen from the Burr sen burner.

Under my invention the burner is so made that the oil is supplied to theflame in such a finely-atomized condition that it practically forms avapor or gas, while it is intimately mixed with air and superheatedsteam, and, the whole is supplied at the center of the flame, with theresult that innnediately it,

reaches the region of combustion combustion takes place under the mostfavorable circumstances for giving, as desired, either light or heat.

In order that my said invention may be clearly understood, 1 havehereunto appended. explanatory drawings, whereon- Figure 1 is anelevation of a lighting or heating burner with the concentricburnernozzles shown in section. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of the same,taken on the line X X, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an inverted plan view.

On the drawings the same reference-letters wherever repeated indicatethe same parts.

The burner consists,essentially,of a central steam-nozzle a, an outerconcentric air'nozzle b, and a third outer concentric oil-nozzle c. Thethree nozzles are so arranged, as shown, that the air-nozzle bis largerthan and outside of and in advance of the steam-nozzle a and theoil-nozzle 0 is larger than and outside of and in advance of theair-nozzle 7). The three nozzles are or may be screwed into thebaseplate of the burner, as shown. With this construction steam from thenozzle a first im pinges upon the air (drawn into the nozzle 7) byinduction) and heats it, as well as mixes with it, and then the combinedsteam and air current impinges on the oil, which is supplied in the formof a thin annular film through the narrow annular passage a of itsnozzle is cast on it at the upper side.

and mixes with it and breaks it up into such finely-divided particlesthat the whole issues from the burner in the form of vapor, with the oilparticles forming a kind of outer envelop,which is attenuated andexpanded by the expansion of the escaping steam and air within it,thereby further subdividing the oil particles and producing the verybest conditions for giving perfect combustion. As the finelydivided oilparticles reach the region of combustion they burst into flame and areconsumed with great fierceness and energy, at the same time giving anintense light and heat. It will be seen that the steam-nozzle (b issmall and projects up into the air-nozzle b, leaving a narrow annularspace 6 for the air to pass through. Likewise the airnozzle projects upinto the oil-nozzle c and leaves a narrow annular space (Z, asaforesaid, for the oil to flow through. This construction is important,as it insures that the air and oil shall only pass in thin films, andtherefore be readily broken up and finely atomized by the steam. It willalso be seen that the nozzles vary in diameter. the steam one being thesmallest, the air-nozzle the next in size, and the oil-nozzle thelargest.

Preferably I construct the burner with a base-plate f, having ways orpassages for the oil, air, and steam. The plate f is or may be made ofcast metal, and an 'oilpassage '9 (See Fig. 2.) Air-passages h are caston it at the under side, (see Fig. 3,) and a steam-passage z' is alsocast on it at the under side. Further, a blow-ofl' or drain passage j iscast on its under side and is provided with a petcock 70. The oil issupplied to the passage 9 by means of the oil-pipe Z, while water issupplied by the pipe on to the pipe n and passes downward through thecoil 0 and in so doing is converted into steam by the flame issuing fromthe burner. From the coil the steam passes down the pipe p, along thehorizontal passage q, cast in the plate f, to the pipe 9', up which itascends to the superheating-coil s. From this coil the steam descends bythe pipe tand passage z'to the inner nozzle (0 of the burner. The platef is made with a circumferential wall a, so as to form a kind of well inwhich oil waste or such like can be placed and lighted when starting theburner in the ordinary manner.

It will be seen from Fig. 1 that the oil and water pipes Z and m arekneed at their ends and the knees screw-threaded, so as to enable themto be coupled by screw-couplings to the oil and water supply pipes.Screwed into the bottom of the plate f is a support n, which is movablyjointed by the bolt to to the main supportm for holding the burner inposition. By this arrangement of couplings for the oil and water pipesand a jointed support the burner can be moved up and down, so as todeliver the flame at any angle as desired. The

burner can be clamped by tightening the nut of the bolt 10.

The oil may be supplied by gravitation or induction or be forced to theburner, while the air may be supplied by induction through the passagesit or forced in under pressure, and the superheated steam may besupplied from a steam coil or coils, as at Fig. 1, or chamber orchambers arranged at, near, or over the flame in such manner as to beheated thereby.

If desired, the air and (or) oil may be heated before being supplied tothe burner. If

preferred, compressed air may be supplied to the nozzle (0 instead ofsteam.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In combination, a base-plate, a steamnozzle in the base-plate, anair-nozzle arranged over the steam-nozzle, an oil-nozzle arranged overthe air-nozzle and radial passages in the base-plate for steam, air andoil, substantially as described.

.2. In combination, a flat base-plate, a steamnozzle in the base-plate,a radial passage for steam leading to the nozzle, an air-nozzle fittedin the base-plate over the steam-nozzle, a radial air-passage leading tothis nozzle, an outer oil-nozzle arranged above the air-nozzle andhaving a well or oil-space surrounding the air-nozzle and a radialoil-passage leading to the said oil-well, substantially as described.

3. In combination, a base-plate, anozzle for superheated steam in thebase-plate, a passage in the base-plate for the steam, an air-nozzlefitted in the base-plate over the steam-nozzle and having an upwardlyprojecting cylindrical end, an air-passage in the base-plate leading tothis nozzle, an outer oil-nozzle arranged ovcr the air-nozzle and madewith a cylindrical upper end and an expanded or enlarged lower end whichlatter is shaped so as to form an oil well or space, the said air-nozzlebeing so arranged within the said oil-nozzle that only a very smallannular oil-passage is left between the cylindrical portions of the'nozzles, an oil-supply passage in the baseplate leading to the said oilwell or space, a coil-pipe for converting water into steam arranged overthe burner, a second coil-pipe for superheating the steam arranged inconjunction with the first coil-pipe, means for supplying water to thesaid first coil-pipe, a passage in the base-plate connecting the firstcoil-pipe to the second coil-pipe, and means for supplying oil to theburner, substantially as described.

Signed at Glasgow, Scotland, this 24cth day of September, 1903.

JOHN MCLEOWNAN MCMURTRIE. Witnesses:

WVILLIAM GALL, HUGH D. FITZPATRIOK.

